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Chapter IIntroduction

1Title and extent of operation of the Code
2Punishment of offences committed within India
3Punishment of offences committed beyond, but which by law may be tried within, India
4Extension of Code to extra-territorial offences
5Certain laws not to be affected by this Act

Chapter IIGeneral Explanations

6Definitions in the Code to be understood subject to exceptions
7Sense of expression once explained
8Gender
9Number
10Man''. ''Woman''
11Person''
12Public''
13[Omitted.]
14Servant of Government''
15[Repealed.]
16[Repealed .]
17Government''
18India''
19Judge''
20Court of Justice''
21Public servant''
22Moveable property''
23Wrongful gain''
24Dishonestly''
25Fraudulently''
26Section 26. “Reason to believe”
27Section 27. Property in possession of wife, clerk or servant
28Section 28. “Counterfeit”
29Section 29. “Document”
29A"Electronic Record"
30Section 30. “Valuable security”
31Section 31. “A will”
32Section 32. Words referring to acts include illegal omissions
33Section 33. “Act”. “Omission”
34Section 34. Acts done by several persons in furtherance of common intention
35Section 35. When such an act is criminal by reason of its being done with a criminal knowledge or intention
36Section 36. Effect caused partly by act and partly by omission
37Section 37. Co-operation by doing one of several acts constituting an offence
38Section 38. Persons concerned in criminal act may be guilty of different offences
39Section 39. “Voluntarily”
40Section 40. “Offence”
41Section 41. “Special law”
42Section 42. “Local law”
43Section 43. “Illegal”.“Legally bound to do”
44Section 44. “Injury”
45Section 45. “Life”
46Section 46. “Death”
47Section 47. “Animal”
48Section 48. “Vessel”
49Section 49. “Year”. “Month”
50Section 50. “Section”
51Section 51. “Oath”
52Section 52. “Good faith”
52ASection 52A. “Harbour-“

Chapter IIIOf Punishments

53Punishments
53AConstruction of reference to transportation
54Commutation of sentence of death
55Commutation of sentence of imprisonment for life
55ADefinition of "appropriate Government"
56[Repealed.]
57Fractions of terms of punishment
58[Repealed.]
59[Repealed.]
60Sentence may be (in certain cases of imprisonment) wholly or partly rigorous of simple
61[Repealed.]
62[Repealed.]
63Amount of fine
64Sentence of imprisonment for non-payment of fine
65Limit to imprisonment for non-payment of fine, when imprisonment and fine awardable
66Description of imprisonment for non-payment of fine
67Imprisonment for non-payment of fine, when offence punishable with fine only
68Imprisonment to terminate on payment of fine
69Termination of imprisonment on payment of proportional part of fine
70Fine leviable within six years, of during imprisonment. Death not to discharge property from liability
71Section 71. Limit of punishment of offence made up of several offences
72Section 72. Punishment of person guilty of one of several offences, the judgment stating that it is doubtful of which
73Section 73. Solitary confinement
74Section 74. Limit of solitary confinement
75Section 75. Enhanced punishment for certain offences under Chapter XII or Chapter XVII after previous conviction

Chapter IVGeneral Exceptions

76Act done by a person bound, or by mistake of fact believing himself bound, by law
77Act of Judge when acting judicially
78Act done pursuant to the judgment or order of Court
79Act done by a person justified, or by mistake of fact believing himself justified, by law
80Accident in doing a lawful act
81Act likely to cause harm, but done without criminal intent, and to prevent other harm
82Act of a child under seven years of age
83Act of a child above seven and under twelve of immature understanding
84Act of a person of unsound mind
85Act of a person incapable of judgment by reason of intoxication caused against his will
86Offence requiring a particular intent or knowledge committed by one who is intoxicated
87Act not intended and not known to be likely to cause death or grievous hurt, done by consent
88Act not intended to cause death, done by consent in good faith for person's benefit
89Act done in good faith for benefit of child or insane person, by or by consent of guardian
90Consent known to be given under fear or misconception
91Exclusion of acts which are offences independently of harm caused
92Act done in good faith for benefit of a person without consent
93Communication made in good faith
94Act to which a person is compelled by threats
95Act causing slight harm
96Section 96. Things done in private defence
97Section 97. Right of private defence of the body and of property
98Section 98. Right of private defence against the act of a person of unsound mind, etc
99Section 99. Act against which there is no right of private defence
100Section 100. When the right of private defence of the body extends to causing death
101Section 101. When such right extends to causing any harm other than death
102Section 102. Commencement and continuance of the right of private defence of the body
103Section 103. When the right of private defence of property extends to causing death
104Section 104. When such right extends to causing any harm other than death
105Section 105. Commencement and continuance of the right of private defence of property
106Section 106. Right of private defence against deadly assault when there is risk of harm to innocent person

Chapter VOf Abetment

107Abetment of a thing
108Abettor
108AAbetment in Indian of offences outside India
109Punishment of abetment if the act abetted is committed in consequence and when no express provision is made for its punishment
110Punishment of abetment if person abetted does act with different intention from that of abettor
111Liability of abettor when one act abetted and different act done
112Abettor when liable to cumulative punishment for act abetted and for act done
113Liability of abettor for an effect caused by the act abetted different from that intended by the abettor
114Abettor present when offence is committed
115Abetment of offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life.?if offence not committed.if act causing harm be done in consequence
116Abetment of offence punishable with imprisonment.?if offence be not committed.if abettor or person abetted be a public servant whose duty it is to prevent offence
117Abetting commission of offence by the public or by more than ten persons
118Concealing design to commit offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life
119Public servant concealing design to commit offence which it is his duty to prevent
120Concealing design to commit offence punishable with imprisonment

Chapter VACriminal Conspiracy

120ADefinition of criminal conspiracy
120BPunishment of criminal conspiracy

Chapter VIOf Offences Against the State

121Waging, or attempting to wage war, or abetting waging of war, against the Government of India
121AConspiracy to commit offences punishable by section 121
122Collecting arms, etc., with intention of waging war against the Government of India
123Concealing with intent to facilitate design to wage war
124Assaulting President. Governor, etc., with intent to compel or restrain the exercise of any lawful power
124ASedition
125Waging war against any Asiatic power in alliance with the Government of India
126Committing depredation on territories of power at peace with the Government of India
127Receiving property taken by war or depredation mentioned in sections 125 and 126
128Public servant voluntarily allowing prisoner of State or war to escape
129Public servant negligently suffering such prisoner to escape
130Aiding escape of, rescuing or harbouring such prisoner

Chapter VIIOf Offences Relating to the Army, Navyand Air Force

131Abetting mutiny, or attempting to seduce a soldier, sailor or airman from his duty
132Abetment of mutiny, if mutiny is committed in consequence thereof
133Abetment of assault by soldier, sailor or airman on his superior officer, when in execution of his office
134Abetment of such assault, if the assault is committed
135Abetment of desertion of soldier, sailor or airman
136Harbouring deserter
137Deserter concealed on board merchant vessel through negligence of master
138Abetment of act of insubordination by soldier, sailor or airman
138A[Repealed.]
139Persons subject to certain Acts
140Wearing garb or carrying token used by soldier, sailor or airman

Chapter VIIIOf Offences Against the Public Tranquillity

141Unlawful assembly
142Being member of unlawful assembly
143Punishment
144Joining unlawful assembly armed with deadly weapon
145Joining or continuing in unlawful assembly, knowing it has been commanded to disperse
146Rioting
147Punishment for rioting
148Rioting, armed with deadly weapon
149Every member of unlawful assembly guilty of offence committed in prosecution of common object
150Hiring, or conniving at hiring, of persons to join unlawful assembly
151Knowingly joining or continuing in assembly of five or more persons after it has been commanded to disperse
152Assaulting or obstructing public servant when suppressing riot, etc
153Wantonly giving provocation, with intent to cause riot
153APromoting enmity between different groups on grounds of religion, race, place of birth, residence
153AAPunishment for knowingly carrying arms in any procession or organizing, or holding or taking part in any mass drill or mass training with arms
153BImputation, assertions prejudicial to national-integration
154Owner or occupier of land on which an unlawful assembly is held
155Liability of person for whose benefit riot is committed
156Liablility of agent of owner or occupier for whose benefit riot is committed
157Harbouring persons hired for an unlawful assembly
158Section 158. Being hired to take part in an unlawful assembly or riot
159Section 159. Affray
160Section 160. Punishment for committing affray

Chapter IXOf Offencesby or Relating to Public Servants

161[Repealed.]
162[Repealed.]
163[Repealed.]
164[Repealed.]
165A[Repealed.]
166Public servant disobeying law, with intent to cause injury to any person
166APublic servant disobeying direction under law
166BPunishment for non-treatment of victim
167Public servant framing an incorrect document with intent to cause injury
168Public servant unlawfully engaging in trade
169Public servant unlawfully buying or bidding for property
170Personating a public servant
171Wearing garb or carrying token used by public servant with fraudulent intent

Chapter IXAOf Offencesrelating to Elections

171-IFailure to keep election accounts
171ACandidate", "Electoral right" defined
171BBribery
171CUndue influence at elections
171DPersonation at elections
171EPunishment for bribery
171FPunishment for undue influence or personation at an election
171GFalse statement in connection with an election
171HIllegal payments in connection with an election

Chapter XOf Contempts of the Lawful Authority of Public Servants

172Absconding to avoid service of summons of other proceeding
173Preventing service of summons or other proceeding, or preventing publication thereof
174Non-attendance in obedience to an order from public servant
174ANon-appearance in response to a proclamation under section 82 of Act 2 of 1974
175Omission to produce document to public servant by person legal ly bound to produce it
176Omission to give notice or information to public servant by person legally bound to give it
177Furnishing false information
178Refusing oath or affirmation when duly required by public servant to make it
179Refusing to answer public servant authorised to question
180Refusing to sign statement
181False statement on oath or affirmation to public servant or person authorised to administer an oath or affirmation
182False information, with intent to cause public servant to use his lawful power to the injury of another person
183Resistance to the taking of property by the lawful authority of a public servant
184Obstructing sale of property offered for sale by authority of public servant
185Illegal purchase or bid for property offered for sale by authority of public servant
186Obstructing public servant in discharge of public functions
187Omission to assist public servant when bound by law to give assistance
188Disobedience to order duly promulgated by public servant
189Threat of injury to public servant
190Threat of injury to induce person to refrain from applying for protection to public servant

Chapter XIOf False Evidence and Offences Against Public Justice

191Giving false evidence
192Fabricating false evidence
193Punishment for false evidence
194Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of capital offence
195Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of offence punishable with imprisonment for life or imprisonment
195AThreatening any person to give false evidence
196Using evidence known to be false
197Issuing or signing false certificate
198Using as true a certificate known to be false
199False statement made in declaration which is by law receivable as evidence
200Using as true such declaration knowing it to be false
201Causing disappearance of evidence of offence, or giving false information, to screen offender
202Intentional omission to give information of offence by person bound to inform
203Giving false information respecting an offence committed
204Destruction of document to prevent its production as evidence
205False personation for purpose of act or proceeding in suit or prosecution
206Fraudulent removal or concealment of property to prevent its seizure as forfeited or in execution
207Fraudulent claim to property to prevent its seizure as forfeited or in execution
208Fraudulently suffering decree for sum not due
209Dishonestly making false claim in Court
210Section 210. Fraudulently obtaining decree for sum not due
211Section 211. False charge of offence made with intent to injure
212Section 212. Harbouring offender
213Section 213. Taking gift, etc., to screen an offender from punishment
214Section 214. Offering gift or restoration of property in consideration of screening offender
215Section 215. Taking gift to help to recover stolen property, etc
216Section 216. Harbouring offender who has escaped from custody or whose apprehension has been ordered
216ASection 216A. Penalty for harbouring robbers or dacoits
216BSection 216B. Definition of “harbour” in sections 212, 216 and 216A
217Section 217. Public servant disobeying direction of law with intent to save person from punishment or property from forfeiture
218Section 218. Public servant framing incorrect record or writing with intent to save person from punishment or property from forfeiture
219Section 219. Public servant in judicial proceeding corruptly making report, etc., contrary to law
220Section 220. Commitment for trial or confinement by person having authority who knows that he is acting contrary to law
221Section 221. Intentional omission to apprehend on the part of public servant bound to apprehend
222Section 222. Intentional omission to apprehend on the part of public servant bound to apprehend person under sentence or lawfully committed
223Section 223. Escape from confinement or custody negligently suffered by public servant
224Section 224. Resistance or obstruction by a person to his lawful apprehension
225Section 225. Resistance or obstruction to lawful apprehension of another person
225ASection 225A. Omission to apprehend, or sufferance of escape, on part of public servant, in cases not otherwise, provided for
225BSection 225B. Resistance or obstruction to lawful apprehension, or escape or rescue in cases not otherwise provided for
226Section 226. Unlawful return from transportation
227Section 227. Violation of condition of remission of punishment
228Section 228. Intentional insult or interruption to public servant sitting in judicial proceeding
228ASection 228A. Disclosure of identity of the victim of certain offences etc
229Section 229. Personation of a juror or assessor
229AFailure by person released on bail or bond to appear in court

Chapter XIIOf Offences Relating to Coin and Government Stamps

230Coin" defined
231Counterfeiting coin
232Counterfeiting Indian coin
233Making or selling instrument for counterfeiting coin
234Making or selling instrument for counterfeiting Indian coin
235Possession of instrument or material for the purpose of using the same for counterfeiting coin: if Indian coin
236Abetting in India the counterfeiting out of India of coin
237Import or export of counterfeit coin
238Import or export of counterfeits of the Indian coin
239Delivery of coin, possessed with knowledge that it is counterfeit
240Delivery of Indian coin, possessed with knowledge that it is counterfeit
241Delivery of coin as genuine, which, when first possessed, the deliverer did not know to be counterfeit
242Possession of counterfeit coin by person who knew it to be counterfeit when he became possessed thereof
243Possession of Indian coin by person who knew it to be counterfeit when he became possessed thereof
244Person employed in mint causing coin to be of different weight or composition from that fixed by law
245Unlawfully taking coining instrument from mint
246Fraudulently or dishonestly diminishing weight or altering composition of coin
247Fraudulently or dishonestly diminishing weight or altering composition of Indian coin
248Altering appearance of coin with intent that it shall pass as coin of different description
249Altering appearance of Indian coin with intent that it shall pass as coin of different description
250Section 250. Delivery of coin, possessed with knowledge that it is altered
251Section 251. Delivery of Indian coin, possessed with knowledge that it is altered
252Section 252. Possession of coin by person who knew it to be altered when he became possessed thereof
253Section 253. Possession of Indian coin by person who knew it to be altered when he became possessed thereof
254Section 254. Delivery of coin as genuine, which, when first possessed, the deliverer did not know to be altered
255Section 255. Counterfeiting Government stamp
256Section 256. Having possession of instrument or material for counterfeiting Government stamp
257Section 257. Making or selling instrument for counterfeiting Government stamp
258Sale of counterfeit Government stamp
259Section 259. Having possession of counterfeit Government stamp
260Section 260. Using as genuine a Government stamp known to be a counterfeit
261Section 261. Effacing, writing from substance bearing Government stamp, or removing from document a stamp used for it, with intent to cause loss to Government
262Section 262. Using Government stamp known to have been before used
263Section 263. Erasure of mark denoting that stamp has been used
263ASection 263A. Prohibition of fictitious stamps

Chapter XIIIOf Offences Relating to Weights and Measures

264Fraudulent use of false instrument for weighing
265Fraudulent use of false weight or measure
266Being In possession of false weight or measure
267Making or selling false weight or measure

Chapter XIVOf Offences Affecting the Public Health, Safety, Convenience, Decencyand Morals

268Public nuisance
269Negligent act likely to spread infection of disease dangerous to life
270Malignant act likely to spread infection of disease dangerous to life
271Disobedience to quarantine rule
272Adulteration of food or drink intended for sale
273Sale of noxious food or drink
274Adulteration of drugs
275Sale of adulterated drugs
276Sale of drug as a different drug or preparation
277Fouling water of public spring or reservoir
278Making atmosphere noxious to health
279Rash driving or riding on a public way
280Rash navigation of vessel
281Exhibition of false light, mark or buoy
282Conveying person by water for hire in unsafe or overloaded vessel
283Danger or obstruction in public way or line of navigation
284Negligent conduct with respect to poisonous substance
285Negligent conduct with respect to fire or combustible matter
286Negligent conduct with respect to explosive substance
287Negligent conduct with respect to machinery
288Section 288. Negligent conduct with respect to pulling down or repairing buildings
289Section 289. Negligent conduct with respect to animal
290Section 290. Punishment for public nuisance in cases not otherwise provided for
291Section 291. Continuance of nuisance after injunction to discontinue
292Section 292. Sale, etc., or obscene books, etc
293Section 293. Sale, etc., of obscene objects to young person
294Section 294. Obscene acts and songs
294ASection 294A. Keeping lottery office

Chapter XVOf Offencesrelating to Religion

295Injuring or defiling place of worship, with intent to insult the religion of any class
295ADeliberate and malicious acts, intended to outrage religious feelings of any class by insulting its religion or religious beliefs
296Disturbing religious assembly
297Trespassing on burial places, etc
298Uttering words, etc., with deliberate intent to wound the religious feelings

Chapter XVIOf offences affecting life · Of the causing of Miscarriage, of Injuries to unborn Children, of the Exposure of Infants, and of the concealment of Births · Of Hurt · Of wrongful restraint and wrongful confinement · Of Criminal Force and Assault · Of Kidnapping, Abduction, Slavery and Forced Labour · Sexual offences · Of Unnatural offences

Of offences affecting life

299Culpable homicide
300Murder
301Culpable homicide by causing death of person other than person whose death was intended
302Punishment for murder
303Punishment for murder by life-convict
304Punishment for culpable homicide not amounting to murder
304ACausing death by negligence
304BDowry death
305Abetment of suicide of child or insane person
306Abetment of suicide
307Attempt to murder
308Attempt to commit culpable homicide
309Attempt to commit suicide
310Thug
311Punishment

Of the causing of Miscarriage, of Injuries to unborn Children, of the Exposure of Infants, and of the concealment of Births

312Causing miscarriage
313Causing miscarriage without woman's consent
314Death caused by act done with intent to cause miscarriage
315Act done with intent to prevent child being born alive or to cause it to die after birth
316Causing death of quick unborn child by act amounting to culpable homicide
317Exposure and abandonment of child under twelve years, by parent or person having care of it
318Concealment of birth by secret disposal of dead body

Of Hurt

319Hurt
320Grievous hurt
321Voluntarily causing hurt
322Voluntarily causing grievous hurt
323Punishment for voluntarily causing hurt
324Voluntarily causing hurt by dangerous weapons or means
325Punishment for voluntarily causing grievous hurt
326Voluntarily causing grievous hurt by dangerous weapons or means
326AVoluntarily causing grievous hurt by use of acid, etc
326BVoluntarily throwing or attempting to throw acid
327Voluntarily causing hurt to extort property, or to constrain to an illegal act
328Causing hurt by means of poison, etc., with intent to commit an offence
329Voluntarily causing grievous hurt to extort property, or to constrain to an illegal act
330Voluntarily causing hurt to extort confession, or to compel restoration of property
331Voluntarily causing grievous hurt to extort confession, or to compel resto ration of property
332Voluntarily causing hurt to deter public servant from his duty
333Voluntarily causing grievous hurt to deter public servant from his duty
334Voluntarily causing hurt on provocation
335Voluntarily causing grievous hurt on provocation
336Act endangering life or personal safety of others
337Section 337. Causing hurt by act endangering life or personal safety of others
338Section 338. Causing grievous hurt by act endangering life or personal safety of others

Of wrongful restraint and wrongful confinement

339Wrongful restraint
340Wrongful confinement
341Punishment for wrongful restraint
342Punishment for wrongful confinement
343Wrongful confinement for three or more days
344Wrongful confinement for ten or more days
345Wrongful confinement of person for whose liberation writ has been issued
346Wrongful confinement in secret
347Wrongful confinement to extort property, or constrain to illegal act
348Wrongful confinement to extort confession, or compel restoration of property

Of Criminal Force and Assault

349Force
350Criminal force
351Assault
352Punishment for assault or criminal force otherwise than on grave provocation
353Assault or criminal force to deter public servant from discharge of his duty
354Assault of criminal force to woman with intent to outrage her modesty
354ASexual harassment and punishment for sexual harassment
354BAssault or use of criminal force to woman with intent to disrobe
354CVoyeurism
354DStalking
355Assault or criminal force with intent to dishonour person, otherwise than on grave provocation
356Assault or criminal force in attempt to commit theft of property carried by a person
357Assault or criminal force in attempt wrongfully to confine a person
358Assault or criminal force on grave provocation

Of Kidnapping, Abduction, Slavery and Forced Labour

359Kidnapping
360Kidnapping from India
361Kidnapping from lawful guardianship
362Abduction
363Punishment for kidnapping
363AKidnapping or maiming a minor for purposes of begging
364Kidnapping or abducting in order to murder
364AKidnapping for ransom, etc
365Kidnapping or abducting with intent secretly and wrongfully to confine person
366Kidnapping, abducting or inducing woman to compel her marriage, etc
366AProcuration of minor girl
366BImportation of girl from foreign country
367Kidnapping or abducting in order to subject person to grievous hurt, slavery, etc
368Wrongfully concealing or keeping in confinement, kidnapped or abducted person
369Kidnapping or abducting child under ten years with intent to steal from its person
370Trafficking of person
370AExploitation of a trafficked person
371Habitual dealing in slaves
372Selling minor for purposes of prostitution, etc
373Buying minor for purposes of prostitution, etc
374Section 374. Unlawful compulsory labour

Sexual offences

375Rape
376Punishment for rape
376APunishment for causing death or resulting in persistent vegetative state of victim
376ABPunishment for rape on woman under twelve years of age
376BSexual intercourse by husband upon his wife during separation
376CSexual intercourse by a person in authority
376DGang rape
376DAPunishment for gang rape on woman under sixteen years of age
376DBPunishment for gang rape on woman under twelve years of age
376EPunishment for repeat offenders

Of Unnatural offences

377Unnatural offences

Chapter XVIIOf Theft · Of Extortion · Of Robbery and Dacoity · Of Criminal Misappropriation of Property · Of Criminal Breach of Trust · Of the Receiving of Stolen Property · Of Cheating · Of Fraudulent Deeds and Dispositions of Property · Of Mischief · Of Criminal Trespass

Of Theft

378Theft
379Punishment for theft
380Theft in dwelling house, etc
381Theft by clerk or servant of property in possession of master
382Theft after preparation made for causing death, hurt or restraint in order to the committing of the theft

Of Extortion

383Extortion
384Punishment for extortion
385Putting person in fear of injury in order to commit extortion
386Extortion by putting a person in fear of death on grievous hurt
387Putting person in fear of death or of grievous hurt, in order to commit extortion
388Extortion by threat of accusation of an offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life, etc
389Putting person in fear of accusation of offence, in order to commit extortion

Of Robbery and Dacoity

390Robbery
391Dacoity
392Punishment for robbery
393Attempt to commit robbery
394Voluntarily causing hurt in committing robbery
395Punishment for dacoity
396Dacoity with murder
397Robbery, or dacoity, with attempt to cause death or grievous hurt
398Attempt to commit robbery or dacoity when armed with deadly weapon
399Making preparation to commit dacoity
400Punishment for belonging to gang of dacoits
401Punishment for belonging to gang of thieves
402Assembling for purpose of committing dacoity

Of Criminal Misappropriation of Property

403Dishonest misappropriation of property
404Dishonest misappropriation of property possessed by deceased person at the time of his death

Of Criminal Breach of Trust

405Criminal breach of trust
406Punishment for criminal breach of trust
407Criminal breach of trust by carrier, etc
408Criminal breach of trust by clerk or servant
409Criminal breach of trust by public, servant. or by banker, merchant or agent

Of the Receiving of Stolen Property

410Stolen property
411Dishonestly receiving stolen property
412Dishonestly receiving property stolen in the commission of a dacoity
413Habitually dealing in stolen property
414Assisting in concealment of stolen property

Of Cheating

415Cheating
416Cheating by personation
417Punishment for cheating
418Cheating with knowledge that wrongful loss may ensue to person whose interest offender is bound to protect
419Punishment for cheating by personation
420Cheating and dishonestly inducing delivery of property

Of Fraudulent Deeds and Dispositions of Property

421Dishonest or fraudulent removal or concealment of property to prevent distribution among creditor
422Dishonestly or fraudulently preventing debt being available for creditors
423Dishonest or fraudulent execution of deed of transfer containing false statement of consideration
424Dishonest or fraudulent removal or concealment of property

Of Mischief

425Mischief
426Punishment for mischief
427Mischief causing damage to the amount of fifty rupees
428Mischief by killing or maiming animal of the value of ten rupees
429Mischief by killing or maiming cattle, etc., of any value or any animal of the value of fifty rupees
430Mischief by injury to works of irrigation or by wrongfully diverting water
431Mischief by injury to public road, bridge, river or channel
432Mischief by causing inundation or obstruction to public drainage attended with damage
433Mischief by destroying, moving or rendering less useful a light-house or sea-mark
434Mischief by destroying or moving, etc., a land-mark fixed by public authority
435Mischief by fire or explosive substance with intent to cause damage to amount of one hundred or (in case of agricultural produce ) ten rupees
436Mischief by fire or explosive substance with intent to destroy house, etc
437Mischief with intent to destroy or make unsafe a decked vessel or one of twenty tons burden
438Punishment for the mischief described in section 437 committed by fire or explosive substance
439Punishment for intentionally running vessel agroun, or ashore with intent to commit theft, etc
440Mischief committed after preparation made for causing death or hurt

Of Criminal Trespass

441Criminal trespass
442House-trespass
443Lurking house-trespass
444Lurking house-trespass by night
445House-breaking
446House-breaking by night
447Punishment for criminal trespass
448Punishment for house-trespass
449House-trespass in order to commit offence punishable with death
450House-trespass in order to commit offence punishable with imprisonment for life
451House-trespass in order to commit offence punishable with imprisonment
452House-trespass after preparation for hurt, assault or wrongful restraint
453Punishment for lurking house-trespass or house-breaking
454Lurking house-trespass or house-breaking in order to commit offence punishable with imprisonment
455Lurking house-trespass or house-breaking after preparation for hurt, assault or wrongful restraint
456Punishment for lurking house-trespass or house-breaking by night
457Lurking house-trespass or house-breaking by night in order to commit offence punishable with imprisonment
458Lurking house-trespass or house-breaking by night after preparation for hurt, assault, or wrongful restraint
459Grievous hurt caused whilst committing lurking house-trespass or house-breaking
460All persons jointly concerned in lurking house-trespass or house-breaking by night punishable where death or grievous hurt caused by one of them
461Section 461. Dishonestly breaking open receptacle containing property
462Section 462. Punishment for same offence when committed by person entrusted with custody

Chapter XVIIIOf Offences Relating to Documents and to Property Marks

463Forgery
464Making a false document
465Punishment for forgery
466Forgery of record of Court or of public register, etc
467Forgery of valuable security, will, etc
468Forgery for purpose of cheating
469Forgery for purpose of harming reputation
470Forged document
471Using as genuine a forged document or electronic record
472Making or possessing counterfeit seal, etc., with intent to commit forgery punishable under section 467
473Making or possessing counterfeit seal, etc., with intent to commit forgery punishable otherwise
474Having possession of document described in section 466 or 467, knowing it to be forged and intending to use it as genuine
475Counterfeiting device or mark used for authenticating documents described in section 467, or possessing counterfeit marked material
476Counterfeiting device or mark used for authenticating documents other than those described in section 467, or possessing counterfeit marked material
477Fraudulent cancellation, destruction, etc., of will, authority to adopt, or valuable security
477AFalsification of accounts
478Section 478. Trade marks
479Section 479. Property mark
480Section 480. Using a false trade mark
481Section 481. Using a false property mark
482Section 482. Punishment for using a false property mark
483Section 483. Counterfeiting a property mark used by another
484Section 484. Counterfeiting a mark used by a public servant
485Section 485. Making or possession of any instrument for counterfeiting a property mark
486Section 486. Selling goods marked with a counterfeit property mark
487Section 487. Making a false mark upon any receptacle containing goods
488Section 488. Punishment for making use of any such false mark
489Section 489. Tampering with property mark with intent to cause injury
489ASection 489A. Counterfeiting currency-notes or bank-notes
489BSection 489B. Using as genuine, forged or counterfeit currency-notes or bank-notes
489CSection 489C. Possession of forged or counterfeit currency-notes or bank-notes
489DSection 489D. Making or possessing instruments or materials for forgoing or counterfeiting currency-notes or bank-notes
489ESection 489E. Making or using documents resembling currency-notes or bank-notes

Chapter XIXOf the Criminal Breach of Contracts of Service

490[Repealed .]
491Breach of contract to attend on and supply wants of helpless person
492[Repealed .]

Chapter XXOf Offences Relatingto Marriage

493Cohabitation caused by a man deceitfully inducing a belief of lawful marriage
494Marrying again during life-time of husband or wife
495Same offence with concealment of former marriage from person with whom subsequent marriage is contracted
496Marriage ceremony fraudulently gone through without lawful marriage
497Adultery
498Enticing or taking away or detaining with criminal intent a married woman

Chapter XXAOf Cruelty by Husband or Relatives of Husband

498AHusband or relative of husband of a woman subjecting her to cruelty

Chapter XXIOf Defamation

499Defamation
500Punishment for defamation
501Printing or engraving matter known to be defamatory
502Sale of printed or engraved substance containing defamatory matter

Chapter XXIIOr Criminal Intimidation, Insultand Annoyance

503Criminal intimidation
504Intentional insult with intent to provoke breach of the peace
505Statements conducing to public mischief
506Punishment for criminal intimidation
507Criminal intimidation by an anonymous communication
508Act caused by inducing person to believe that he will be rendered an object of the Divine displeasure
509Word, gesture or act intended to insult the modesty of a woman
510Misconduct in public by a drunken person

Chapter XXIIIOf Attempts of Commit Offences

511Punishment for attempting to commit offences punishable with imprisonment for life or other imprisonment

Previous: Section 277 Next: Section 279

IPC 278Chapter XIV · Of Offences Affecting the Public Health, Safety, Convenience, Decencyand MoralsNow BNS 280

Section 278 · Making atmosphere noxious to health

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Whoever voluntarily vitiates the atmosphere in any place so as to make it noxious to the health of persons in general dwelling or carrying on business in the neighbourhood or passing along a public way, shall be punished with fine which may extend to five hundred rupees.

The offence at a glance

Punishment: fine up to Rs 500
Cognizable: Cognizable
Bailable: Bailable
Compoundable: Not compoundable
Triable by: Any Magistrate

Cognizable — Police may arrest without a warrant
Bailable — Bail is your right — it can be granted at the police station

From the First Schedule to the BNSS (the CrPC's, for IPC offences)

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In the new law

IPC 278BNS 280

280. Making atmosphere noxious to health.

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