The supreme law1950
Constitution of India
Adopted on 26 November 1949 and in force since 26 January 1950.
The whole Constitution — Parts, Articles, Schedules, Appendices and Amendments — in Hindi and English.
- Articles
- 506
- Parts
- 50
- Schedules
- 12
- Amendment Acts
- 106
Contents
IThe Union and Its TerritoryArticle 1–44 Articles
- 1Name and territory of the Union
- 2Admission or establishment of new States
- 3Formation of new States and alteration of areas, boundaries or names of existing States
- 4Laws made under articles 2 and 3 to provide for the amendment of the First and the Fourth Schedules and supplemental, incidental and consequential matters
IICitizenshipArticle 5–117 Articles
- 5Citizenship at the commencement of the Constitution
- 6Rights of citizenship of certain persons who have migrated to India from Pakistan
- 7Rights of citizenship of certain migrants to Pakistan
- 8Rights of citizenship of certain persons of Indian origin residing outside India
- 9Persons voluntarily acquiring citizenship of a foreign State not to be citizens
- 10Continuance of the rights of citizenship
- 11Parliament to regulate the right of citizenship by law
IIIAFundamental Rights - GeneralArticle 12–132 Articles
IIIBFundamental Rights - Right to EqualityArticle 14–185 Articles
IIICFundamental Rights - Right to FreedomArticle 19–225 Articles
IIIDFundamental Rights - Right against ExploitationArticle 23–242 Articles
IIIEFundamental Rights - Right to Freedom of ReligionArticle 25–284 Articles
IIIFFundamental Rights - Cultural and Educational RightsArticle 29–313 Articles
IIIGFundamental Rights - Saving of Certain LawsArticle 31A–31D4 Articles
IIIHFundamental Rights - Right to Constitutional RemediesArticle 32–355 Articles
- 32Remedies for enforcement of rights conferred by this Part
- 32AConstitutional validity of State laws not to be considered in proceedings under article 32
- 33Power of Parliament to modify the rights conferred by this Part in their application to Forces, etc
- 34Restriction on rights conferred by this Part while martial law is in force in any area
- 35Legislation to give effect to the provisions of this Part
IVDirective Principles of State PolicyArticle 36–5120 Articles
- 36Definition
- 37Application of the principles contained in this Part
- 38State to secure a social order for the promotion of welfare of the people
- 39Certain principles of policy to be followed by the State
- 39AEqual justice and free legal aid
- 40Organisation of village panchayats
- 41Right to work, to education and to public assistance in certain cases
- 42Provision for just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief
- 43Living wage, etc., for workers
- 43AParticipation of workers in management of industries
- 43BPromotion of co-operative societies
- 44Uniform civil code for the citizens
- 45Provision for early childhood care and education to children below the age of six years
- 46Promotion of educational and economic interests of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other weaker sections
- 47Duty of the State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health
- 48Organisation of agriculture and animal husbandry
- 48AProtection and improvement of environment and safeguarding of forests and wild life
- 49Protection of monuments and places and objects of national importance
- 50Separation of judiciary from executive
- 51Promotion of international peace and security
IVAFundamental DutiesArticle 51A1 Articles
VAThe Union (Chapter I - the Executive)Article 52–7827 Articles
- 52The President of India
- 53Executive power of the Union
- 54Election of President
- 55Manner of election of President
- 56Term of office of President
- 57Eligibility for re-election
- 58Qualifications for election as President
- 59Conditions of President's office
- 60Oath or affirmation by the President
- 61Procedure for impeachment of the President
- 62Time of holding election to fill vacancy in the office of President and the term of office of person elected to fill casual vacancy
- 63The Vice-President of India
- 64The Vice-President to be ex officio Chairman of the Council of States
- 65The Vice-President to act as President or to discharge his functions during casual vacancies in the office, or during the absence, of President
- 66Election of Vice-President
- 67Term of office of Vice-President
- 68Time of holding election to fill vacancy in the office of Vice-President and the term of office of person elected to fill casual vacancy
- 69Oath or affirmation by the Vice-President
- 70Discharge of President's functions in other contingencies
- 71Matters relating to, or connected with, the election of a President or Vice-President
- 72Power of President to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences in certain cases
- 73Extent of executive power of the Union
- 74Council of Ministers to aid and advise President
- 75Other provisions as to Ministers
- 76Attorney-General for India
- 77Conduct of business of the Government of India
- 78Duties of Prime Minister as respects the furnishing of information to the President, etc
VBThe Union (Chapter II - Parliament)Article 79–12244 Articles
- 79Constitution of Parliament
- 80Composition of the Council of States
- 81Composition of the House of the People
- 82Readjustment after each census
- 83Duration of Houses of Parliament
- 84Qualification for membership of Parliament
- 85Sessions of Parliament, prorogation and dissolution
- 86Right of President to address and send messages to Houses
- 87Special address by the President
- 88Rights of Ministers and Attorney-General as respects Houses
- 89The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Council of States
- 90Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the office of Deputy Chairman
- 91Power of the Deputy Chairman or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Chairman
- 92The Chairman or the Deputy Chairman not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration
- 93The Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the House of the People
- 94Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Speaker and Deputy Speaker
- 95Power of the Deputy Speaker or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Speaker
- 96The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration
- 97Salaries and allowances of the Chairman and Deputy Chairman and the Speaker and Deputy Speaker
- 98Secretariat of Parliament
- 99Oath or affirmation by members
- 100Voting in Houses, power of Houses to act notwithstanding vacancies and quorum
- 101Vacation of seats
- 102Disqualifications for membership
- 103Decision on questions as to disqualifications of members
- 104Penalty for sitting and voting before making oath or affirmation under article 99 or when not qualified or when disqualified
- 105Powers, privileges, etc., of the Houses of Parliament and of the members and committees thereof
- 106Salaries and allowances of members
- 107Provisions as to introduction and passing of Bills
- 108Joint sitting of both Houses in certain cases
- 109Special procedure in respect of Money Bills
- 110Definition of “Money Bills”
- 111Assent to Bills
- 112Annual financial statement
- 113Procedure in Parliament with respect to estimates
- 114Appropriation Bills
- 115Supplementary, additional or excess grants
- 116Votes on account, votes of credit and exceptional grants
- 117Special provisions as to financial Bills
- 118Rules of procedure
- 119Regulation by law of procedure in Parliament in relation to financial business
- 120Language to be used in Parliament
- 121Restriction on discussion in Parliament
- 122Courts not to inquire into proceedings of Parliament
VCThe Union (Chapter III - Legislative Powers of the President)Article 1231 Articles
VDThe Union (Chapter IV - the Union Judiciary)Article 124–14731 Articles
- 124Establishment and constitution of the Supreme Court
- 124ANational Judicial Appointments Commission
- 124BFunctions of Commission
- 124CPower of Parliament to make law
- 125Salaries, etc., of Judges
- 126Appointment of acting Chief Justice
- 127Appointment of ad hoc Judges
- 128Attendance of retired Judg es at sittings of the Supreme Court
- 129Supreme Court to be a court of record
- 130Seat of Supreme Court
- 131Original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court
- 131AExclusive jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in regard to questions as to constitutional validity of Central laws.
- 132Appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts in certain cases
- 133Appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts in regard to civil matters
- 134Appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in regard to criminal matters
- 134ACertificate for appeal to the Supreme Court
- 135Jurisdiction and powers of the Federal Court under existing law to be exercisable by the Supreme Court
- 136Special leave to appeal by the Supreme Court
- 137Review of judgments or orders by the Supreme Court
- 138Enlargement of the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court
- 139Conferment on the Supreme Court of powers to issue certain writs
- 139ATransfer of certain cases
- 140Ancillary powers of the Supreme Court
- 141Law declared by Supreme Court to be binding on all courts
- 142Enforcement of decrees and orders of the Supreme Court and orders as to discovery, etc
- 143Power of the President to consult the Supreme Court
- 144Civil and judicial authorities to act in aid of the Supreme Court
- 144ASpecial provisions as to disposal of questions relating to constitutional validity of laws.
- 145Rules of Court, etc
- 146Officers and servants and the expenses of the Supreme Court
- 147Interpretation
VEThe Union (Chapter V - Comptroller and Auditor-general of India)Article 148–1514 Articles
VIAThe States (Chapter I - General)Article 1521 Articles
VIBThe States (Chapter II - the Executive)Article 153–16715 Articles
- 153Governors of States
- 154Executive power of State
- 155Appointment of Governor
- 156Term of office of Governor
- 157Qualifications for appointment as Governor
- 158Conditions of Governor's office
- 159Oath or affirmation by the Governor
- 160Discharge of the functions of the Governor in certain contingencies
- 161Power of Governor to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences in certain cases
- 162Extent of executive power of State
- 163Council of Ministers to aid and advise Governor
- 164Other provisions as to Ministers
- 165Advocate-General for the State
- 166Conduct of Business of the Government of a State
- 167Duties of Chief Minister as respects the furnishing of information to Governor, etc
VICThe States (Chapter III - the State Legislature)Article 168–21245 Articles
- 168Constitution of Legislatures in States
- 169Abolition or creation of Legislative Councils in States
- 170Composition of the Legislative Assemblies
- 171Composition of the Legislative Councils
- 172Duration of State Legislatures
- 173Qualification for membership of the St ate Legislature
- 174Sessions of the State Legislature, prorogation and dissolution
- 175Right of Governor to address and send messages to the House or Houses
- 176Special address by the Governor
- 177Rights of Ministers and Advocate-General as respects the Houses
- 178The Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the Legislative Assembly
- 179Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Speaker and Deputy Speaker
- 180Power of the Deputy Speaker or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Speaker
- 181The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration
- 182The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Council
- 183Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Chairman and Deputy Chairman
- 184Power of the Deputy Chairman or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Chairman
- 185The Chairman or the Deputy Chairman not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration
- 186Salaries and allowances of the Speaker and Deputy Speaker and the Chairman and Deputy Chairman
- 187Secretariat of State Legislature
- 188Oath or affirmation by members
- 189Voting in Houses, power of Houses to act notwithstanding vacancies and quorum
- 190Vacation of seats
- 191Disqualifications for membership
- 192Decision on questions as to disqualifications of members
- 193Penalty for sitting and voting before making oath or affirmation under article 188 or when not qualified or when disqualified
- 194Powers, privileges, etc., of the Houses of Legislatures and of the members and committees thereof
- 195Salaries and allowances of members
- 196Provisions as to introduction and passing of Bills
- 197Restriction on powers of Legislative Council as to Bills other than Money Bills
- 198Special procedure in respect of Money Bills
- 199Definition of “Money Bills”
- 200Assent to Bills
- 201Bills reserved for consideration
- 202Annual financial statement
- 203Procedure in Legislature with respect to estimates
- 204Appropriation Bills
- 205Supplementary, additional or excess grants
- 206Votes on account, votes of credit and exceptional grants
- 207Special provisions as to financial Bills
- 208Rules of procedure
- 209Regulation by law of procedure in the Legislature of the State in relation to financial business
- 210Language to be used in the Legislature
- 211Restriction on discussion in the Legislature
- 212Courts not to inquire into proceedings of the Legislature
VIDThe States (Chapter IV - Legislative Power of the Governor)Article 2131 Articles
VIEThe States (Chapter V - the High Courts in the States)Article 214–23222 Articles
- 214High Courts for States
- 215High Courts to be courts of record
- 216Constitution of High Courts
- 217Appointment and conditions of the office of a Judge of a High Court
- 218Application of certain provisions relating to Supreme Court to High Courts
- 219Oath or affirmation by Judges of High Courts
- 220Restriction on practice after being a permanent Judge
- 221Salaries, etc., of Judges
- 222Transfer of a Judge from one High Court to another
- 223Appointment of acting Chief Justice
- 224Appointment of additional and acting Judges
- 224AAppointment of retired Judges at sittings of High Courts
- 225Jurisdiction of existing High Courts
- 226Power of High Courts to issue certain writs
- 226AConstitutional validity of Central laws not to be considered in proceedings under article 226.
- 227Power of superintendence over all courts by the High Court
- 228Transfer of certain cases to High Court
- 228ASpecial provisions as to disposal of questions relating to constitutional validity of State laws.
- 229Officers and servants and the expenses of High Courts
- 230Extension of jurisdiction of High Courts to Union territories
- 231Establishment of a common High Court for two or more States
- 232Interpretation
VIFThe States (Chapter VI - Subordinate Courts)Article 233–2417 Articles
- 233Appointment of district judges
- 233AValidation of appointments of, and judgments, etc., delivered by, certain district judges
- 234Recruitment of persons other than district judges to the judicial service
- 235Control over subordinate courts
- 236Interpretation
- 237Application of the provisions of this Chapter to certain class or classes of magistrates
- 241High Courts for Union territories
VIIOmittedArticle 2381 Articles
VIIIThe Union TerritoriesArticle 239–2428 Articles
- 239Administration of Union territories
- 239ACreation of local Legislatures or Council of Ministers or both for certain Union territories
- 239AASpecial provisions with respect to Delhi
- 239ABProvision in case of failure of constitutional machinery
- 239BPower of administrator to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Legislature
- 240Power of President to make regulations for certain Union territories
- 241High Courts for Union territories
- 242Coorg
IXAThe PanchayatsArticle 243–243O16 Articles
- 243Definitions
- 243AGram Sabha
- 243BConstitution of Panchayats
- 243CComposition of Panchayats
- 243DReservation of seats
- 243EDuration of Panchayats, etc
- 243FDisqualifications for membership
- 243GPowers, authority and responsibilities of Panchayats
- 243HPowers to impose taxes by, and Funds of, the Panchayats
- 243IConstitution of Finance Commission to review financial position
- 243JAudit of accounts of Panchayats
- 243KElections to the Panchayats
- 243LApplication to Union territories
- 243MPart not to apply to certain areas
- 243NContinuance of existing laws and Panchayats
- 243OBar to interference by courts in electoral matters
IXBThe MunicipalitiesArticle 243P–243ZG18 Articles
- 243PDefinitions
- 243QConstitution of Municipalities
- 243RComposition of Municipalities
- 243SConstitution and composition of Wards Committees, etc
- 243TReservation of seats
- 243UDuration of Municipalities, etc
- 243VDisqualifications for membership
- 243WPowers, authority and responsibilities of Municipalities, etc
- 243XPower to impose taxes by, and Funds of, the Municipalities
- 243YFinance Commission
- 243ZAudit of accounts of Municipalities
- 243ZAElections to the Municipalities
- 243ZBApplication to Union territories
- 243ZCPart not to apply to certain areas
- 243ZDCommittee for district planning
- 243ZECommittee for Metropolitan planning
- 243ZFContinuance of existing laws and Municipalities
- 243ZGBar to interference by courts in electoral matters
IXCThe Co-operative SocietiesArticle 243ZH–243ZT13 Articles
- 243ZHDefinitions
- 243ZIIncorporation of co-operative societies
- 243ZJNumber and term of members of board and its office bearers
- 243ZKElection of members of board
- 243ZLSupersession and suspension of board and interim management
- 243ZMAudit of accounts of co-operative societies
- 243ZNConvening of general body meetings
- 243ZORight of a member to get information
- 243ZPReturns
- 243ZQOffences and penalties
- 243ZRApplication to multi-State co-operative societies
- 243ZSApplication to Union territories
- 243ZTContinuance of existing laws
XThe Scheduled and Tribal AreasArticle 244–244A2 Articles
XIARelations Between the Union and the States ( Chapter I. — Legislative Relations)Article 245–25512 Articles
- 245Extent of laws made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States
- 246Subject-matter of laws made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States
- 246ASpecial provision with respect to goods and services tax
- 247Power of Parliament to provide for the establishment of certain additional courts
- 248Residuary powers of legislation
- 249Power of Parliament to legislate with respect to a matter in the State List in the national interest
- 250Power of Parliament to legislate with respect to any matter in the State List if a Proclamation of Emergency is in operation
- 251Inconsistency between laws made by Parliament under articles 249 and 250 and laws made by the Legislatures of States
- 252Power of Parliament to legislate for two or more States by consent and adoption of such legislation by any other State
- 253Legislation for giving effect to international agreements
- 254Inconsistency between laws made by Parliament and laws made by the Legislatures of States
- 255Requirements as to recommendations and previous sanctions to be regarded as matters of procedure only
XIBRelations Between the Union and the States ( Chapter II. — Administrative Relations)Article 256–26310 Articles
- 256Obligation of States and the Union
- 257Control of the Union over States in certain cases
- 257AAssistance to States by deployment of armed forces or other forces of the Union.
- 258Power of the Union to confer powers, etc., on States in certain cases
- 258APower of the States to entrust functions to the Union
- 259Armed Forces in States in Part B of the First Schedule.
- 260Jurisdiction of the Union in relation to territories outside India
- 261Public acts, records and judicial proceedings
- 262Adjudication of disputes relating to waters of inter-State rivers or river valleys
- 263Provisions with respect to an inter-State Council
XIIAFinance, Property, Contracts and Suits (Chapter I. — Finance)Article 264–29132 Articles
- 264Interpretation
- 265Taxes not to be imposed save by authority of law
- 266Consolidated Funds and public accounts of India and of the States
- 267Contingency Fund
- 268Duties levied by the Union but collected and appropriated by the States
- 268AService tax levied by Union and collected and appropriated by the Union and the States.
- 269Taxes levied and collected by the Union but assigned to the States
- 269ALevy and collection of goods and services tax in course of inter-State trade or commerce
- 270Taxes levied and distributed between the Union and the States
- 271Surcharge on certain duties and taxes for purposes of the Union
- 272Taxes which are levied and collected by the Union and may be distributed between the Union and the States.
- 273Grants in lieu of export duty on jute and jute products
- 274Prior recommendation of President required to Bills affecting taxation in which States are interested
- 275Grants from the Union to certain States
- 276Taxes on professions, trades, callings and employments
- 277Savings
- 278Agreement with States in Part B of the First Schedule with regard to certain financial matters.
- 279Calculation of “net proceeds”, etc
- 279AGoods and Services Tax Council
- 280Finance Commission
- 281Recommendations of the Finance Commission
- 282Expenditure defrayable by the Union or a State out of its revenues
- 283Custody, etc., of Consolidated Funds, Contingency Funds and moneys credited to the public accounts
- 284Custody of suitors' deposits and other moneys received by public servants and courts
- 285Exemption of property of the Union from State taxation
- 286Restrictions as to imposition of tax on the sale or purchase of goods
- 287Exemption from taxes on electricity
- 288Exemption from taxation by States in respect of water or electricity in certain cases
- 289Exemption of property and income of a State from Union taxation
- 290Adjustment in respect of certain expenses and pensions
- 290AAnnual payment to certain Devaswom Funds
- 291Privy purse sums of Rulers.
XIIBFinance, Property, Contracts and Suits (Chapter II. — Borrowing)Article 292–2932 Articles
XIICFinance, Property, Contracts and Suits (Chapter III. — Property, Contracts, Rights, Liabilities)Article 294–3007 Articles
- 294Succession to property, assets, rights, liabilities and obligations in certain cases
- 295Succession to property, assets, rights, liabilities and obligations in other cases
- 296Property accruing by escheat or lapse or as bona vacantia
- 297Things of value within territorial waters or continental shelf and resources of the exclusive economic zone to vest in the Union
- 298Power to carry on trade, etc
- 299Contracts
- 300Suits and proceedings
XIIDFinance, Property, Contracts AND Suits (Chapter IV. — Right To Property)Article 300A1 Articles
XIIITrade, Commerce and Intercourse Within the Territory of IndiaArticle 301–3077 Articles
- 301Freedom of trade, commerce and intercourse
- 302Power of Parliament to impose restrictions on trade, commerce and intercourse
- 303Restrictions on the legislative powers of the Union and of the States with regard to trade and commerce
- 304Restrictions on trade, commerce and intercourse among States
- 305Saving of existing laws and laws providing for State monopolies
- 306Power of certain States in Part B of the First Schedule to impose restrictions on trade and commerce.
- 307Appointment of authority for carrying out the purposes of articles 301 to 304
XIVAServices Under the Union and the States (Chapter I. — Services)Article 308–3148 Articles
- 308Interpretation
- 309Recruitment and conditions of service of persons serving the Union or a State
- 310Tenure of office of persons serving the Union or a State
- 311Dismissal, removal or reduction in rank of persons employed in civil capacities under the Union or a State
- 312All-India services
- 312APower of Parliament to vary or revoke conditions of service of officers of certain services
- 313Transitional provisions
- 314Provision for protection of existing officers of certain services.
XIVBServices Under the Union and the States (Chapter II. — Public Service Commissions)Article 315–3239 Articles
- 315Public Service Commissions for the Union and for the States
- 316Appointment and term of office of members
- 317Removal and suspension of a member of a Public Service Commission
- 318Power to make regulations as to conditions of service of members and staff of the Commission
- 319Prohibition as to the holding of offices by members of Commission on ceasing to be such members
- 320Functions of Public Service Commissions
- 321Power to extend functions of Public Service Commissions
- 322Expenses of Public Service Commissions
- 323Reports of Public Service Commissions
XIVCPart Xiva (Tribunals)Article 323A–323B2 Articles
XVElectionsArticle 324–329A7 Articles
- 324Superintendence, direction and control of elections to be vested in an Election Commission
- 325No person to be ineligible for inclusion in, or to claim to be included in a special, electoral roll on grounds of religion, race, caste or sex
- 326Elections to the House of the People and to the Legislative Assemblies of States to be on the basis of adult suffrage
- 327Power of Parliament to make provision with respect to elections to Legislatures
- 328Power of Legislature of a State to make provision with respect to elections to such Legislature
- 329Bar to interference by courts in electoral matters
- 329ASpecial provision as to elections to Parliament in the case of Prime Minister and Speaker.
XVISpecial Provisions Relating to Certain ClassesArticle 330–342A19 Articles
- 330Reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the House of the People
- 330AReservation of seats for women in the House of the People
- 331Representation of the Anglo-Indian Community in the House of the People
- 332Reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the Legislative Assemblies of the States
- 332AReservation of seats for women in the Legislative Assemblies of the States
- 333Representation of the Anglo-Indian community in the Legislative Assemblies of the States
- 334Reservation of seats and special representation to cease after certain period
- 334AReservation of seats for women take effect
- 335Claims of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes to services and posts
- 336Special provision for Anglo-Indian community in certain services
- 337Special provision with respect to educational grants for the benefit of Anglo-Indian community
- 338National Commission for Scheduled Castes
- 338ANational Commission for Scheduled Tribes
- 338BNational Commission for Backward Classes
- 339Control of the Union over the administration of Scheduled Areas and the welfare of Scheduled Tribes
- 340Appointment of a Commission to investigate the conditions of backward classes
- 341Scheduled Castes
- 342Scheduled Tribes
- 342ASocially and educationally backward classes
XVIIAOfficial Language (Chapter I.— Language of the Union)Article 343–3442 Articles
XVIIBOfficial Language (Chapter Ii.— Regional Languages)Article 345–3473 Articles
XVIICOfficial Language (Chapter Iii.— Language of the Supreme Court, High Courts, Etc)Article 348–3492 Articles
XVIIDOfficial Language (Chapter Iv.— Special Directives)Article 350–3514 Articles
XVIIIEmergency ProvisionsArticle 352–36010 Articles
- 352Proclamation of Emergency
- 353Effect of Proclamation of Emergency
- 354Application of provisions relating to distribution of revenues while a Proclamation of Emergency is in operation
- 355Duty of the Union to protect States against external aggression and internal disturbance
- 356Provisions in case of failure of constitutional machinery in States
- 357Exercise of legislative powers under Proclamation issued under article 356
- 358Suspension of provisions of article 19 during emergencies
- 359Suspension of the enforcement of the rights conferred by Part III during emergencies
- 359AApplication of this Part to the State of Punjab.
- 360Provisions as to financial emergency
XIXMiscellaneousArticle 361–36710 Articles
- 361Protection of President and Governors and Rajpramukhs
- 361AProtection of publication of proceedings of Parliament and State Legislatures
- 361BDisqualification for appointment on remunerative political post
- 362Rights and privileges of Rulers of Indian States.
- 363Bar to interference by courts in disputes arising out of certain treaties, agreements, etc
- 363ARecognition granted to Rulers of Indian States to cease and privy purses to be abolished
- 364Special provisions as to major ports and aerodromes
- 365Effect of failure to comply with, or to give effect to, directions given by the Union
- 366Definitions
- 367Interpretation
XXAmendment of the ConstitutionArticle 3681 Articles
XXITemporary, Transitional and Special ProvisionsArticle 369–39236 Articles
- 369Temporary power to Parliament to make laws with respect to certain matters in the State List as if they were matters in the Concurrent List.
- 370Temporary provisions with respect to the State of Jammu and Kashmir
- 371Special provision with respect to the States of 2*** Maharashtra and Gujarat
- 371ASpecial provision with respect to the State of Nagaland
- 371BSpecial provision with respect to the State of Assam
- 371CSpecial provision with respect to the State of Manipur
- 371DSpecial provisions with respect to the State of Andhra Pradesh or the State of Telangana
- 371EEstablishment of Central University in Andhra Pradesh
- 371FSpecial provisions with respect to the State of Sikkim
- 371GSpecial provision with respect to the State of Mizoram
- 371HSpecial provision with respect to the State of Arunachal Pradesh
- 371ISpecial provision with respect to the State of Goa
- 371JSpecial provisions with respect to State of Karnataka
- 372Continuance in force of existing laws and their adaptation
- 372APower of the President to adapt laws
- 373Power of President to make order in respect of persons under preventive detention in certain cases
- 374Provisions as to Judges of the Federal Court and proceedings pending in the Federal Court or before His Majesty in Council
- 375Courts, authorities and officers to continue to function subject to the provisions of the Constitution
- 376Provisions as to Judges of High Courts
- 377Provisions as to Comptroller and Auditor-General of India
- 378Provisions as to Public Service Commissions
- 378ASpecial provision as to duration of Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly
- 379Provisions as to provisional Parliament and the Speaker and Deputy Speaker thereof.
- 380Provision as to President
- 381Council of Ministers of the President
- 382Provisions as to provisional Legislatures for States in Part A of the First Schedule.
- 283Provision as to Governors of Provinces
- 384Council of Ministers of the Governors
- 385Provision as to provisional Legislatures in States in Part B of the First Schedule.
- 386Council of Ministers for States in Part B of the First Schedule.
- 387Special provision as to determination of population for the purposes of certain elections.
- 388Provisions as to the filling of casual vacancies in the provisional Parliament and provisional Legislatures of the States.
- 389Provision as to Bills pending in the Dominion Legislatures and in the Legislatures of Provinces and Indian States
- 390Money received or raised or expenditure incurred between the commencement of the Constitution and the 31st day of March, 1950
- 391Power of the President to amend the First and Fourth Schedules in certain contingencies.
- 392Power of the President to remove difficulties
XXIIShort Title, Commencement, [Authoritative Text in Hindi] and RepealsArticle 393–3954 Articles
- 1First Schedule11 entries
- 2Second Schedule5 entries
- 3Third Schedule10 entries
- 4Fourth Schedule3 entries
- 5Fifth Schedule4 entries
- 6Sixth Schedule29 entries
- 7Seventh Schedule16 entries
- 8Eighth Schedule1 entries
- 9Ninth Schedule10 entries
- 10Tenth Schedule8 entries
- 11Eleventh Schedule1 entries
- 12Twelfth Schedule1 entries
- 2023The Constitution (One Hundred and Sixth Amendment) Act, 2023106th Amendment
- 2021The Constitution (One Hundred and Five Amendment) Act, 2021105th Amendment
- 2019The Constitution (One Hundred and Fourth Amendment) Act, 2019104th Amendment
- 2019The Constitution (One Hundred and Third Amendment) Act, 2019103rd Amendment
- 2018The Constitution (One Hundred and Second Amendment) Act, 2018102nd Amendment
- 2016The Constitution (One Hundred and First Amendment) Act, 2016101st Amendment
- 2015The Constitution (One Hundredth Amendment) Act, 2015100th Amendment
- 2014The Constitution (Ninety-ninth Amendment) Act, 201499th Amendment
Preamble
WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and to secure to all its citizens:
JUSTICE, social, economic and political;
LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship;
EQUALITY of status and of opportunity;
and to promote among them all
FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the Nation;
IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty-sixth day of November, 1949, do HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION.